Archive for July, 2009
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Posted by: | CommentsThe various types of nonverbal communication are basically types of communication without words. You might be led into thinking that this form is rather inhibiting, but the types of nonverbal communication are perhaps the most pervasive that can even become unconscious habits. In addition to that, enhancement of the messages that the sender intends to deliver can be achieved with the various types of nonverbal communication, not to mention that they comprise the most percentage of communication.
As mentioned earlier, you may not know that you are employing different types of nonverbal communication in your everyday life. Even seemingly nonsensical sounds can fall under one of the types of nonverbal communication. Specifically, the types of nonverbal communication are facial expressions, gestures, paralanguage, body language, distance, eye contact, touch, and appearance. As you may have noticed, these can be done through the different senses.
Facial expressions are the most common among all the types of nonverbal communication. A lot of messages can be sent through a smile, a frown, a twitch of the eyebrow, a purse of the lips, and a lot more. Feelings and emotions which are rather hard to put into words are better made known with the different types of nonverbal communication specifically this type, such as bliss, melancholy, rancor, dread, and a lot more.
The wave of a hand, the point of a finger, and other conscious body movements are called gestures, which is one of the types of nonverbal communication. The messages associated with each gesture may vary, depending on location and culture, so sticking your tongue to somebody may not always mean the same thing to every person that you meet. This is among the types of nonverbal communication that people have to be wary about when using.
Paralanguage has a thin line separating it from verbal communication that makes itself on e of the types of nonverbal communication. The inflection, loudness, pitch, and tone of voice make up paralanguage. These are all used to stress a point, to give disapproval, to show disinterest, and others that can either make or break the flow of conversations.
Body language such as posture and stance can give away a lot to people around you, making it another of the types of nonverbal communication. Although certain feelings and behaviors can be demonstrated with different postures, like the crossing of arms, it is now proven by research that these are more of understatements rather than the real message meant to be delivered.
The personal space you put between yourself and the person you are communicating with is also one of the types of nonverbal communication. This is important because it defines the level of relationship that you have with others. The distance you maintain adjusts according to situation, personality, and familiarity.
The way you look can also convey a lot of signals and messages. As one of the types of nonverbal communication, eye contact is very similar to facial expressions, giving away more emotions than you think are possible with the way you blink, stare, and with the way your pupils dilate.
Touch can mean a lot of things, but in this aspect, it is yet again another one of the types of nonverbal communication. Touch can also be therapeutic, meaning a single tap of encouragement can mean a lot to distressed persons. More so, lack of touch can cause glitches in the development of a child, affecting his social and psychological spheres.
The last among the types of nonverbal communication is appearance. Your choice in clothing and hairstyle can spell a lot about your personality and who you are in general. Other people may interpret and judge you by just merely looking at your appearance. Furthermore, some people resort to this type in order to deliberately send a message to everyone, which is more commonly termed as fashion statements.
The different types of nonverbal communication can complement with verbal communication to achieve different effects. A simple demonstration is changing the tone of your voice to express anger, boredom, disgust, and others. Although the types of nonverbal communication are silent, they can prove that actions are really louder than words.
Types of Verbal Communication
Posted by: | CommentsVerbal communication is the use of words in delivering your intended message. The types of verbal communication still follow the tenets of the communication process, which is the sending of messages by one party to be decoded by the other party. The types of verbal communication only make up 7% of the three parts of communication, which is not to say that it is insignificant. As a matter of fact, the types of verbal communication can make the whole process of communication easier and faster.
The types of verbal communication fall into two broad categories, and these are oral and written communication. These types of verbal communication are effective depending on the situation and the audience. To make these types of verbal communication more effective, they have to come along with nonverbal communication types. It can be therefore surmised that the types of verbal communication go hand in hand with the wordless types of communication.
The first of the types of verbal communication, which is oral communication, uses spoken words as its medium. The second among the two types of verbal communication, called written communication, uses written words. These types of verbal communication are deemed to be significant, especially in the world of business. Having excellent skills in these types of verbal communication can be a great tool for success in the said field.
Oral communication as the first of the two types of verbal communication can be best exemplified in casual conversations, conferences, discussions, meetings, phone calls, presentations, and speeches. A good command of oral communication skills can be handy in getting the most out of an interview or winning a client in business presentations. Effective oral communication should have clarity, conciseness, relevance, and tact. This way, accurate conveyance of messages will be achieved.
On the other hand, written communication being the second of the types of verbal communication can come in the form of advertisements, brochures, contracts, e-mails, letters, memos, press releases, proposals, and websites. Good writing skills are widely needed in a wide set of fields, with the business world leading the pack. Although this type takes more time than oral, it is more critical in the sense that it can result to failure if good writing skills are missing from the form of writing that you are employing.
These two types of verbal communication can be extremes, but they should work hand in hand. It is believed that a deficit of skills in one of these types of verbal communication is ordinary, but working to develop both will prove to be beneficial not only in your everyday life, but in your goals and aspirations as well. Mastery in the skills required by the two types of verbal communication is a must then for people who want to be successful.
Inaccurate and unclear delivery of messages through these types of verbal communication can be disastrous, so make a conscious effort to improve. With these types of verbal communication polished well enough, you are on the way to the top because of the high value given to the power of communication.
Types of Listening Communication
Posted by: | CommentsListening is an important aspect of communication, and the role is played by the receiver of the message. Communication is successfully completed with listening and understanding with the use of any of the types of listening communication. Understanding the different types of listening communication is important to be able to apply the right one in the right situation. Although listening is not communication in itself, it is still an integral part in communicating, thereby giving it more focus in the classification of the types of listening communication.
People are taught to read, to speak, and to write, but are not taught to listen, not to mention analyze the types of listening communication. In fact, 45% of all communication activities are made up of listening, which is a big enough to have room for the thorough discussion of the types of listening communication. This way, people can become better listeners and have a better understanding of the various types of listening communication, but also the utter need for it. Besides, the fact that any of the types of listening communication uncontrollably coming, may it be at home, the workplace, or any gathering, further stresses the need to become better listeners.
As mentioned earlier, the types of listening communication are used for certain scenarios. With the use of certain skills, the types of listening communication can be beneficial by rewarding the person with new information, better relationship, appreciation of things, and more. With that, the types of listening communication are informative listening, relationship listening, appreciative listening, evaluative listening, and discriminative listening.
One of the types of listening communication that seek to understand a message is informative listening. Listening to teachers in school, to reporters in television shows, to speakers of seminars, and to anyone in particular who might give you information all need informative listening. In addition, three variables come into play when engaging in this, which are vocabulary, concentration, and memory.
Moving on with the types of listening communication, there is a type which calls a person to build healthier relationships with others through deeper understanding of other people. This is known as relationship listening, which has further specific types. Although information is needed to understand, the stress is placed on the person rather than the information about the person alone. The behaviors involved in this type are attending, supporting, and empathizing.
The types of listening communication are not only about understanding things, because another type known as appreciative listening involves enjoyment, such as listening to your favorite music, watching movies or television programs, or simple hearing out nature’s sounds. It is affected by presentation, perception, and previous experiences.
Another one of the types of listening communication involves more attention than the others. This is critical listening, which plays an important role in shaping opinions and bringing about changes. The things that encompass critical listening and thinking are the credibility of the speaker, the logic of the arguments, and the psychological appeals.
The last of the types of listening communication is discriminative listening. This is perhaps the most important among the others since it is inherent to the rest of them. This is because it is usually used in conjunction with the other types of listening communication. Your hearing ability, awareness of structures in sound, and nonverbal cue integration must be considered when keeping up with this type.
Having a good command of the types of listening communication can tremendously improve the way you communicate and receive messages. The types of listening communication are used in daily living, so making a conscious effort in improving your own listening skills to make the most out of your ears.
Different Types of Communication
Posted by: | CommentsAs a human being, the need to communicate is vital for you to live a normal life. Information is conveyed from one another through different types of communication. The different types of communication also allow people to have an exchange of thoughts and feelings. Therefore, these different types of communication are inevitable and are a major part of socialization.
For the different types of communication to be effective, this should be directed and recognized by someone to promote a further exchange. This exchange can be returned with any of the different types of communication. Before getting into the different types of communication, a general overview of it must be understood. The sender first imparts a message, which could be in the form of one of the different types of communication, wherein the receiver deciphers this message. This process is repeated all over again through different means and media, such as speaking, writing, body language, and others.
The different types of communication aim to give understanding to what one has to say. Although there are many means to transfer messages with the different types of communication, there are certain hindrances that bring a gap to make communicating a success. These barriers are the complexity of the message and the reception of messages that are too much for a receiver to decode.
Furthermore, the different types of communication are divided into three parts. These are words, voice, and body language. These parts come in different chunks, depending on certain factors and situations. In addition to that, the three are used altogether in making a point and in enhancing the different types of communication.
There are many different types of communication, and the major ones are verbal communication, nonverbal communication, and visual communication. Verbal communication, as the name may suggest, is the use of spoken words to create a dialogue between two people. To make this more useful, it has to be merged with some of the different types of communication.
The next type is nonverbal communication, which is achieved without the use of words. This can be done through the use of gestures, posture, facial expressions, eye contact, symbols, or a combination of any these. Perhaps this type occurs more than the other different types of communication even without our knowing. It also plays a vital role in many aspects of people’s lives.
Visual aids are the medium of visual communication. This type differs from the different types of communication in the sense that it relies solely on things that can be seen or read. Ideas to be delivered to the receivers are given then through various visual forms, such as drawings, illustrations, signs, and many more.
There are still more different types of communication which are more specific. Whichever one you pick from the different types of communication, you have to ensure that it would be efficient in making your intended audience understand the message you wish to deliver. Communicating then is not only about sending out messages, but also includes the right mode from any of the different types of communication.
Types of Communication: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
Posted by: | Comments
The different types of communication come in many shapes and forms, but can be defined into two very distinct components. Verbal and nonverbal communication are the two main types of communication that we use every single day of our life, which then makes it necessary for us to understand their intricacies if we want to be effective communicators.
But before we get into the details of the discussion, just what are these verbal and nonverbal types of communication about?
Types of Communication: The Verbal Approach
When it comes to the different types of communication, the most explicit of them all would be verbal communication.
Verbal communication is exemplified by different types of communication, and not just by words. Whatever we have to say is said clearly and explicitly via symbols and sounds and that explicitly state our intent. The important factor to remember here is that words are primarily used here, and this is what separates the verbal approach from other types of communication.
Types of Communication: The Nonverbal Approach
The nonverbal approach is the more subtle types of communication, but could be even more powerful than a verbal approach.
Nonverbal communication is perhaps the most refined method among the different types of communication. Everything from the tone of our voice to the slight motions of our facial muscles to the hand gestures we unconsciously do when talking all contain subtle nonverbal messages, which requires a great degree of understanding and perception to notice in the first place.
Synergy Between the Two Types of Communication
These two types of communication are essential when you are in a face-to-face conversation with another person, and their combination can either make or break your success.
This is because the verbal types of communication, the words you speak, convey the message you want to say while the nonverbal types of communication, the gestures you show with them, will subtly affect the efficiency of the message you convey to your audience. If one does not match the other, you can expect to lose the impact of your message to your audience. People will notice the discrepancies between the two types of communication, and they will receive the message with suspicion.
Combining the Two Types of Communication
It is quite simple: learn how to match your words with your actions, and you will be able to deliver your message with greater efficiency.
Between the two types of communication, nonverbal gestures need especially more care and attention than verbal gestures. Words can easily be said and manipulated even before you speak, but these gestures are things that occur naturally and often without any significant amount of thought added to them.
It is for this reason that self-esteem and cultural understanding become essential to improving your nonverbal skills. Your confidence will naturally leak over to your bodily gestures, while cultural understanding will allow you to avoid offending your audience with unspoken meanings hidden in your body.
Understand all this and you will grasp the basic effect that these two types of communication have on your ability to convince and influence others.
The Different Types of Customer Service : Show & Tell Exercise for Customer Service
Posted by: | Comments
Learn a show and tell exercise that will help you better understand why demonstration is important in customer service with expert training tips in this free online customer service training video clip.
Expert: Pamela Unruh
Bio: Pamela Unruh has been working in the customer service industry for nearly twenty years. She has a great amount of experience on the subject, and has been a corporate trainer in the field.
Filmmaker: Reel Media LLC
Duration : 0:1:53
PRABHUPADA TRIES TO SAVE HIS KILLER! Reverse Speech Part 2
Posted by: | Comments
http://www.prabhupada.org.uk/ &
http://www.myspace.com/mukunda_dasa
Sadhu [Saint] means… First test is that he is unflinching, without any deviation. Api cet sudura…, bhajate mam ananya-bhak. Ananya-bhak means he does not know anything except the service of the Lord. That is the qualification of sadhu. So similarly, in other places also, the definition of sadhu is there. Sadhu means titiksavah: he’s very tolerant because a sadhu has to face so many opposing elements and sometimes very offensive, but he has to tolerate. Titiksavah. At the same time, karunikah, very merciful. The same man who is torturing him, torturing him, he is trying to convince him about Krsna. That means very merciful. He’s not rejecting. Although he’s torturing him, but he’s trying to convince him, Krsna. Therefore karunikah. And he is not friend of any particular society or man. Suhrdah sarva-dehinam. He is well-wisher of all living entities. It doesn’t matter whether he’s Indian, American, or black and white. No, no conception. Or even human being or animal. He is kind to everyone, friend, well-wisher of everyone. Ajata-satravah. He does not create any enemies. Such… These are the qualifications of sadhu.
[Srila Prabhupada from a Room Conversation with Malcolm, July 18, 1973, London]
Note: So although Tamal and co. were torturing Prabhupada, His Divine Grace was trying to convince them about Krishna.
The very thing that Prabhupada describes about a sadhu [himself] above, is revealed very clearly in the super excellent work of Dhanesvara prabhu. In chapter five of “When a Man is Poisoned It Is Said Like That”, Prabhupada’s tolerance and mercy is clearly manifested.
If you wish to purchase this awesome PC DVD then please contact me for more information.
Before we take a look at chapter five of Dhanesvara prabhu’s work, let us have a look at chapter three:
Chapter Three — An Introduction to
The Phenomena of Reverse Speech
Much of this chapter is taken from a paper I had written for my Reverse Speech training class. David Oates liked it and has posted it on his web site under the “Student Papers” section. It provides an introduction to the phenomena, but it is not exhaustive. The reader is encouraged to expand his or her understanding of Reverse Speech by visiting the Reverse Speech web site and by practicing locating their own speech reversals using the wave editing software included on this CD.
The Discovery and History of Reverse Speech
The discovery of Reverse Speech, like so many important discoveries in this world, came as an accident, or perhaps we should say, serendipity. Its discovery came about as a result of an intentional act, a marketing ploy by entertainers who led a generation with their creative endeavors—the Beatles. Perhaps as a means to turn around their failing popularity as a result of a serious faux pax, saying that they were more popular than Christ, the Beatles intentionally dubbed a soundtrack in reverse onto one of their recordings. The idea was to challenge fans to see if they could find hidden verbal messages. It worked. All over the world people were buying Beatles albums and recordingsof other performers and manually rotating their turntables backwards to see if they could hear the messages. The surprise however, was that along with the messages that were intentionally placed in reverse, other messages, references to Satan, were also found—messages which seemed to confirm what some had believed all along—rock and roll music was inspired by the devil!
Messages intentionally recorded in reverse came to be known as “backward masking” and when the recording was played in reverse they were as intelligible and clear as any forward recording was. When the record was played in regular forward mode the backward masking was usually “buried” among the guitar riffs so as to be “masked,” and not meant to be heard well. These messages varied among performers from straightforward communications to cryptic and mysterious messages which may have had no factual meaning.
The search for backward masked messages led to the surprise findings of other intelligible sounds, and many references to Satan. The morality of people in the ’70’s was still such that this was shocking to many people (Good thing it wasn’t discovered in the ’90’s—it might just have been written off as “normal”). Such findings led to the thorough examination of hundreds of rock music recordings in reverse, and the findings of many references to Satan and . Parents became concerned that their children were being unwittingly subjected to satanic programming, ministers railed against the decadence of rock and roll music, and legislation was even introduced in California to require record publishers to warn listeners of any records which intentionally had backward sounds recorded.
One Person Listened Further
While the sensation of backward masking and satanic messages was tormenting the more righteous among us, no one it seems had the curiosity of looking at the phenomena further—except for one inspired individual in Australia, David John Oates, a former insurance broker. Working at the time as a youth counselor, those in his charge had come to him with the shocking news. David, in an effort to dispel the idea, rigged a tape player to play in reverse, and found out that it was indeed true—intelligible messages were found when recording were played in reverse. He also had the initiative to see if the phenomena was limited to music, or if such messages were also present in other forms of communication.
He began to play all types of recordings backwards—speeches, conversation, arguments, infants cooing and babbling—and made what will surely come to be known as one of the most significant discoveries of all time: all human verbal communication has not just a public face, the one meant to be shown, but it also has a hidden side, one that is covert but which communicates nonetheless, additional information which is just as, or perhaps even more important than, the sounds which we consciously hear.
David became very involved in the study of speech reversals and eventually labeled this form of communication “Reverse Speech,” a very descriptive moniker. His study became very thorough. He documented a variety of forms and structures of reversals and categorized them, and connected the voices of the reversals with the understanding of the subconscious and collective unconscious as put forward by Carl Jung. The study became quite deep and detailed, and gradually evolved to a general theory of verbal human communication. The theory, developed over a decade of research, contributes immensely to our understanding of the communication process, and brings to humanity a new and bright horizon in communication to see and explore.
The Theory of Reverse Speech and Speech Complimentarity
Oates’ called his general theory of verbal human communication The Theory of Reverse Speech and Speech Complimentarity and it addresses the significant features of Reverse Speech. It states that 1) Human speech has two distinctive and complementary functions and modes, and 2) these two modes of speech are dependent upon each other.
The Overt, or Conscious, Mode is spoken forwards and is constructed by conscious cognitive processes. The Covert, or Unconscious, Mode, spoken simultaneously with the Overt Mode, is a reversal of forward speech sounds constructed by subconscious processes. Together they form an integral part of communication, and both modes of speech together communicate the total psyche of a person—conscious as well as unconscious.
But How Does It Happen?
How does Reverse Speech happen? How does the human mind construct cognitive, meaningful communication in reverse while speech goes on forward? Oates’ research has shown that speech reversals occur with greater frequency when the speaker is more emotionally charged. Formal speeches have very few reversals, perhaps one every two to three minutes. As a person speaks in a more informal and relaxed environment the reversals increase in number. And when a person is highly emotionally aroused the reversals will occur with a frequency of every 2-3 seconds.
These findings show that emotions play an important role in Reverse Speech. Emotions have been shown to be a function of the right hemisphere of the brain. Hence, Reverse Speech Theory suggests that while the left side of the brain generates the overt, forward speech, it is the right side of the brain which contributes the covert, reverse speech. The right side of the brain then must work in conjunction with the left side of the brain so that the words chosen in overt communication will create sounds which form the intelligible sounds of the covert communication. An amazing feat! This can account for a speaker’s pauses, stammerings, and fumbling over the choice of words as he speaks. The words are we choose to express our conscious mind are in part selected by the unconscious mind to communicate our unconscious thoughts.
The Many Parts of Reverse Speech
Reverse Speech is as universal a language as forward speech—everyone speaks it, and we all hear it. However, Reverse Speech differs in many ways from normal forward speech. Thousands of hours of studying many tens of thousands of speech reversals by Oates has revealed significant variety in:
* the information content of reversals spoken,
* the language of Reverse Speech,
* the syntax of reversals,
* the tense,
* and the intended audience for the reversals.
It should be noted that this work has been pioneered largely by David Oates but has subsequently been confirmed by dozens of Reverse Speech investigators over the years. This report adds nothing original to Oates’ work, but reports what he has learned through years of tedious research.
Chapter Five: Conversations in Reverse Speech
Reverse Speech Conversation Four
Prabhupada Appeals to Tamal
Prabhupada wants Tamal to save him and in this exchange repeatedly appeals to him in a number of ways, such as challenging his ego and even offering a bribe. He is aware that Tamal is not listening to him however. Tamal is resolute and rebuffs Prabhupada by telling him flatly that he cannot be saved.
This section is taken from BBT tape T38B Counter 263 forward.
The locations of speech reversals are noted by square brackets [ ].
So far I am thinking, I’m not improving in strength. And how can I improve [by drinking little] [barley and milk] and little fruit juice? I have no appetite for anything else. [In case] I… [Most probably], I am diminishing my strength. So…
Tamal Krishna: [Most probably diminish your strength]?
Prabhupada: [Yes, because...]
Tamal Krishna: [How]? I don’t see that you’re diminishing in your strength.
Prabhupada: Yes, I cannot sit.
Tamal Krishna: But you haven’t been able to sit for a long time. You mean you cannot si[t up now even.]
Prabhupada: [In that also, I am diminished.]
Tamal Krishna: That’s a fact. Now when you try and sit up, you always fall over to the side.
Prabhupada: So in case… ["In case," no]. From the fact I can see that I have no appetite. [Then how I can increase] strength?
Tamal Krishna: Well, I can only repeat the words of the Kaviraj.
Prabhupada: No, that is not…
Tamal Krishna: He states that you can’t expect to eat as long as the liver and the kidneys are not functioning properly.
Prabhupada: So that is not functioning.
Tamal Krishna: Well, he says that he can get it to function properly.
Prabhupada: [He says], but I practically see.
Tamal Krishna: But his medicine cannot… He also says that his medicine [cannot be judged] over a period of five or six days.
Srila Prabhupada: He will not listen
[and drinking little]
Prabhupada comments that Tamal will not listen to any argument, and he therefore offers him a bribe in the next speech reversal. This bribe may refer to money or anything else that Prabhupada can offer.
Srila Prabhupada: Name thy number
[from barley and milk]
Prabhupada instructed his disciples in diplomatic ways of dealing with others, bribery sometimes working where other appeals will not. Here is is following his own advice by offering Tamal whatever he would like if he will save him.
Srila Prabhupada: Save ya { }you remember some?
[in case], I [most probably]
Prabhupada here reminds Tamal that he saved Tamal by bringing him to Krishna Consciousness, and asks him if he can remember what he has done for him. This is an appeal to his sense of indebtedness to Prabhupada.
Tamal Krishna: That’s a shame, b-but your life’s up
[Most probably diminish your strength?]
Tamal declines the offer by simply telling him that his life is finished. Tamal already had full control of the movement and its ets anyway so the bribe meant nothing to him. As we heard above Tamal was firmly of the opinion that everyone would follow him after it was all through.
Link Reversal: Tamal: What Srila Prabhupada: love is this?
[Yes, because... Tamal: How?]
A link reversal. Link reversals indicate deep understanding, sympathy or congruity between the two speakers. Prabhupada and Tamal both knew the score here and what was transpiring. Given the circumstances they speak together as a single voice to ask what kind of love is this where the disciple neglects the order of the guru, and takes his money and his life. Notice that the quality of Tamal’s voice is raspy and matches Prabhupada’s here, as the tonal quality is shared in all Link Reversals.
Srila Prabhupada: You sound like you failed
[yes, I cannot sit]
Prabhupada challenges Tamal’s ego by this statement. Tamal replies in the next reversal totally undaunted.
Tamal Krishna: Maybe I am glad
You mean you cannot si[t up now even.]
In a direct affront Tamal expresses possible joy at the way things have gone. He is not intimidated by Prabhupada’s challenges.
Srila Prabhupada: You’re embarrassed I found ya
[in that also I am diminished]
Again Prabhupada challenges Tamal, and let’s him know that his activities have been revealed. In this exchange Prabhupada uses various psychological manipulations to look for Tamal’s weakness. A master of human psychology, Prabhupada is working Tamal from every angle. Tamal feels this as indicated in his next reversal “dodge the panic.” He is skillfully acting to avoid losing his will to kill Prabhupada.
Srila Prabhupada: Try ‘n save me
So in case… ["In case," no]. From the fact I can see that I have no appetite.
Now Prabhupada challenges Tamal in a positive sense to save him. Prabhupada clearly would like to change the way things are going, but we have seen clearly that all the while he was surrendered to the will of the Lord. As he often quoted, man proposes, God disposes. By his actions and speech he was proposing to go on with his life and his mission. Another proof that this was no mercy killing.
Srila Prabhupada: See if can make you wanna
[Then how I can increase] strength?
Is there any way Prabhupada can make Tamal want to save him? He’s already offered to bribe him, made a direct appeal, and challenged him in several ways: his ego in failing, his sense of indebtedness and his love. Next he will attempt from a position of authority telling him that his work is not done until he saves his life. All of this of course is to no effect.
Tamal Krishna: Dodge the panic
[cannot be judg]ed
Tamal is feeling the pressure of these appeals and challenges, and with this self-talk coaches himself to avoid panic.
Srila Prabhupada: You can be done when ya save the (me) life
[that in case I do not increase.]
Prabhupada’s next attempt and challenge. Tamal recognizes it as such and clearly rebuffs him with the next reversal.
Tamal Krishna: You cannot be save
All right. Okay. In [case you don't increase]. Because I don’t think we can say… Unless we want to say that this Kaviraj is absolutely wrong. But if we accept…
The arguments presented here by Prabhupada are so complete and thorough that this could well be a conversation in forward speech. He has attempted to gain Tamal’s cooperation through every conceivable angle. Tamal cautions himself and flatly refuses to comply. Can anyone say these are coincidental sounds? Impossible. This conversation is completely consistent with and relevant to the drama that is being played out at the time.
Duration : 0:4:48
Listening Skills
Posted by: | Comments
Getting the kids ready to sing but they have to make sure they listen 1st!
Duration : 0:0:19
descriptivists vs. prescriptivists
Posted by: | Comments
Shows opinions of a prescriptivist (a person who creates or encourages following language rules that try to control how people write and talk). This is contrasted with a scientific approach that attempts to describe a language how it is. Also notes how words enter dictionaries (i.e. if a particular word is used often enough by certain sociolinguistic groups – like those who write for Newsweek – then it can be entered in the dictionary).
—–
The language that fuels the great publishing empires. From the city that never sleeps, 24/7, on TV, cable, radio, electronic media, comes the words and ideas that define American culture and market it to the world. You can make a case that New York City is now the global capital of the English language. But what a language! Restless, slangy, constanting changing, and ever more informal. Many people believe that change is not only inevitable but unstoppable. But not John Simon, the acerbic theater critic of New York Magazine. A Yugoslav immigrant himself, he speaks for many mainstream Americans who fear that if American English continues to flout the rules of syntax and grammar, it’ll sow the seeds of its own destruction.
Simon: Well, it has gotten worse. It’s been my experience that there is no bottom, one can always sink lower, and that the language can always disintegrate further.
RM: How would you describe the state of our language today?
Simon: Unhealthy, poor, sad, depressing, um, and probably fairly hopeless.
RM: Jess Sheildlower stands for everything John Simon hates. He is the American editor of the august Oxford English Dictionary. With his dark suit, tie, and rolled up umbrella, he certainly looks the part. But, you can’t judge a book by its cover, for he’s also the author of a scholarly history of the f-word. Jesse’s often in the New York Public Library looking for new usages. American English has always been inventive but it is now globally so influential that the Oxford Dictionary needs a full-time office in New York City.
Sheidlower: Well, American English has always been, at least for the last hundred years, it’s always taken great pleasure in its slang. You can find even Walt Whitman writing in praise of slang in the 19th century, about how wonderful it is and how poetic it is, and how, you know, this is the American spirit distilled into language.
RM: So when you come here what are you, what are you looking for?
Sheidlower: We’ll try to find magazines that have words in them that we think are gonna be of interest, and these can be in really any field out there.
RM: What are you looking at at the moment here?
Sheidlower: Well, right now we’re looking at some magazines devoted to tattooing and body piercing. There are terms for these different kinds of piercing and there are terms for different kinds of tattoos. Blue, a music magazine, has a lot of stuff about hip hop, which is a big influence on the language. Guide to Zines, Fanzines,
RM: Fanzines, fan magazines?
Sheidlower: Yes, well, they’re just called Zines nowadays.
RM: So, if you find a new, a new word in one of these, one of these really lurid magazines, and you decide to put it in, does that mean that the dictionary has adopted the word and as it were recognised it?
Sheidlower: No, not all. For now it just means that we have an example in the data base, but then we have an example in Time Magazine, and then we have an example in New York Magazine, and now we have an example in so and so. And we start to think, well okay, this is term that started off as a very restricted sub cultural thing, but now it’s very wide spread. And the fact that we did read something like this originally will tell us something that we wouldn’t know if all we read was Newsweek.
RM: Language enthusiasts tend to be either prescriptivists or descriptivists. Descriptivists like Sheidlower and other dictionary makers are content to describe language as it changes. Prescriptivists like Simon believe you need prescribed rules to preserve language.
Simon: The descriptive linguists are a curse upon their race, who, of course, think that what the people say is the law. And by that, they mean the majority, they mean the uneducated. I think a society which the uneducated lead the educated by the nose is not a good society.
Descriptivists deny treating uneducated usage as the law since they label it non-standard. But, they may record things like the often violent, homophobic, misogynistic lyrics of gangster rap. The result gives new currency to words like “ho” and “bitch”.
RM: What do you say to the people like John Simon who are really angry about what they see as a serious decline in linguistic standards in this country?
Sheidlower: Well, I think they’re wrong, and I think they’re misguided. Language change happens and there’s nothing you can do about it.
Simon: I mean, maybe change is inevitable, maybe dying from cancer is also i
Duration : 0:5:17

A hand shake is a form of ritualistic touch in non-verbal communication. Learn other forms of ritualistic touch in non-verbal communication from a communications and public speaking expert in this free relationship building video.